What is Immigration? Immigration is the act of moving to or settling in another country or region, temporarily or permanently. An immigrant is someone who intends to reside permanently, and not a casual visitor or traveler. Immigration means "in-migration" into a country, and is the reverse of emigration, or "out-migration." The long term and/or permanent movement of human population in general, whether into, out of, or within countries (or before the existence of recognized countries) is regarded as migration. What is a Green Card? A United States Permanent Resident Card, also known popularly as Green Card, is an identification card for a permanent resident of the United States of America who does not have U.S. citizenship. It is proof that the holder has permission to permanently reside and take employment in the U.S. Its "former" official title was Alien Registration Receipt Card, and it is now officially called a Permanent Resident Card, also referred to as form I-551. The name "green card" comes from the fact that the cards were originally green. Their color has changed over the years, but the term "green card" has remained in use. As of 2004, they are mostly white with green grass pattern in the card's background. A card includes the holder's name and photograph, and other information, and has been updated over the years with numerous anti-counterfeiting devices. The card must be in the possession of the U.S. permanent resident at all times. While that does not require that the U.S. permanent resident has it on their person at all times, it does require that they have a currently valid card and that they know where it is and can show it to an USCIS officer, if requested. One interesting aspect of American law is that permanent residents have identification cards, but citizens do not. Green cards were formerly issued by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). That agency's functions have been shifted to the new U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) formerly the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (BCIS) in the Department of Homeland Security. What is the US Border Patrol? The United States Border Patrol (USBP), a Federal police force, is the mobile uniformed law enforcement arm of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), a bureau of the Department of Homeland Security. In prior to 2003, USBP was part of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), an agency within the U.S. Department of Justice. The Border Patrol was founded on May 28, 1924; its main purpose to detect and prevent the entrance of illegal aliens into the United States of America. Prior to this the US Army and various para-military forces patrolled the border. Additionally, the Border Patrol assists in facilitating the flow of legal immigration, protecting intellectual property rights, and in the fight against the smuggling of illegal narcotics. Currently, the USBP employs 9,500 men and women, and is responsible for patrolling 8,000 miles of land and sea borders. The great majority of Border Patrol personnel are deployed at the US-Mexico border, where they're assigned to fight drug trafficking and illegal immigration. The federal government's Office of Personnel Management found that the Border Patrol suffers from an attrition rate of approximately 42-46% for Border Patrol Agents during their first year of service. (See OPM's Federal and Law Enforcement Pay and Benefits, Appendix B1 - Quit Rate Data, 2003).

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